Uburyo bwo gukora uturindantoki duto dufite halogen nke buragoye kurusha utwuma dusanzwe dufite nitrile, ibyo bikaba bigaragarira cyane mu kugenzura ingano ya halogen, guhitamo ibikoresho fatizo, no kunoza uburyo bwo gukora. Ibi bikurikira ni isesengura ry'ingorane mu mikorere, isano ry'ingenzi n'imbogamizi za tekiniki:
I. Uburyo bwo gukora ibintu bugoye
1. Guhitamo neza ibikoresho fatizo
- Kugura latex y'urubura rwa nitrile butadiene ifite halogen nkeya:
Latex isanzwe ya nitrile butadiene rubber ishobora gukoresha ibitangizi birimo halogen, emulsifiers cyangwa catalysts (nk'ibinyabutabire birimo chlorine) mu gihe cyo kuyungurura, mu gihe inzira ya halogen nke igomba gukoresha sisitemu yo gutangiza idafite halogen/halogen nke (nk'ikinyabutabire gifite peroxodisulfate aho gukoresha ikinyabutabire gifite chlorine) cyangwa gukuraho halogen isigaye binyuze mu nzira yo gusukura nyuma.
Imbogamizi z'abakozi bahuza:
Ibintu bitera sulfuri, ibitera imbaraga, antioxydants n'ibindi bitera imbaraga bigomba kwirinda ibitera imbaraga birimo halogen (nk'ibitera imbaraga umuriro birimo bromine, ibitera imbaraga birimo chlorine), kandi bigomba gukoresha ibintu bitera imbaraga ibidukikije (nk'ibitera imbaraga bitarimo halogen, ibitera imbaraga byo guhuza silane, nibindi), bihenze cyane kandi bigoye kubihuza n'imikorere y'ibitera imbaraga. 2.
2. Kugenzura halogen mu gikorwa cyo kuyikora
-Kunoza uburyo bwo gukora polimeri:
Uburyo bwo gukora polimeri ya NBR (nk'uburyo bwo gukora polimeri ya emulsion) bugomba kugenzura neza ubushyuhe, igitutu n'igihe cyo gukora, kugira ngo bigabanye umusaruro (nk'udukoko twa halogenated hydrocarbons). Uburyo bwo gukora polimeri nke bushobora gusaba igihe kirekire cyo gukora polimeri cyangwa polimeri zigabanyijemo ibice, bigatuma ingufu zikoreshwa kandi zigahinduka cyane.
Gusukura no gutunganya:
Nyuma yo gupima, latex igomba kozwa n'amazi menshi, gutandukanya centrifugal n'izindi nzira kugira ngo ikurweho monomer za halogenated zisigaye n'inyongera, uturindantoki dusanzwe dushobora gukenera inshuro 1-2 gusa kugira ngo twozwe, mu gihe uturindantoki duto duto dukenera inshuro 3-5 cyangwa zirenga, bigatuma umusaruro ugabanuka kandi ikiguzi cyo gutunganya amazi yanduye kiyongera.
Ibiranga byihariye by'uburyo bwo kumisha:
Uburyo bwo kumisha bugomba kwirinda kwangirika kw'ibikoresho ku bushyuhe bwinshi kugira ngo hakorwe ibintu bya halogen, bishobora gukenera gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo kumisha mu bushyuhe buke cyangwa ikoranabuhanga ryo kumisha mu buryo bw'umwuka kugira ngo byongere igihe cyo gukora.
3. Igenzura ry'ubuziranenge rishobora kugerwaho ku rwego rwo hejuru
- Igenzura ryimbitse ry’ingano ya halogen:
Ibikoresho byo kugenzura neza cyane (urugero: chromatograph ya ion, spectrometer ya fluorescence ya X-ray) birakenewe kugira ngo hasesengurwe neza ingano ya Cl na Br muri buri gice cy'umusaruro (umupaka wo kuwumenya ugomba kuba uri ku rwego rwa ppm), mu gihe uturindantoki dusanzwe dushobora gusuzumwa gusa imiterere yatwo (urugero: imbaraga zo gukurura no kurekura igihe cyacitse).
Uburinganire bw'imikorere mu ngero nyinshi:
Uburyo bwo kuvura gants hakoreshejwe halogen nke bushobora kugira ingaruka ku miterere ya mekanike (urugero: ubwiyongere, kudapfumuka), kandi ni ngombwa guhindura formula (urugero: kongeramo plasticizers zidasanzwe, ibintu bikomeza imbaraga) kugira ngo habeho halogen nke, imbaraga nyinshi, n'uburyo bworoshye bwo kuvura, ibyo bikaba bisaba igerageza rinini no kunoza imiterere y'ibipimo.
Intambwe z'ingenzi mu gutunganya umusaruro
Dufate urugero rw'uburyo busanzwe bwo gukora uturindantoki twa nitrile butadiene dufite halogen nkeya hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gukurura, inzira n'ingorane ni ibi bikurikira:
1. Gutegura Latex
-Gutegura latex idafite halogen nyinshi:
Hitamo latex ya nitrile butadiene ifite halogen nke (halogen ≤ 150ppm), ongeramo vulcanizing agent itari halogen (urugero: zinc oxide + sulfur yellow system), imashini zidasanzwe zidafite halogen (urugero: hyposulfonamides), antioxidant (urugero: phenyl naphthyl amines), uvange neza hanyuma uyungurure kugira ngo ukureho imyanda.
-Ingorane: gukwirakwira ku buryo budahuje kw'inyongeramusaruro bishobora gutuma habaho vulcanization idahagije cyangwa ihindagurika ry'imikorere, hakenewe ibikoresho byinshi byo gukamura ibyuma.
2. Gukoresha uburyo bwo kuvura imyumbati
-Gutegura mbere yo gukoresha irangi:
Ibikoresho bigomba kwinjizwa mu mazi no gusigwa n'ikintu kidakoresha halogenated release agent (urugero: starch cyangwa cellulose solution) kugira ngo hirindwe gufatana mu gihe cyo kurekura gants, uturindantoki dusanzwe dushobora gukoresha ikintu kidakoresha halogenated release agent (urugero: paraffin chlorine).
3. Gushyira uturindantoki mu kantu no kubyimbisha
-Kwinjiza mu bice by'umubiri:
Ubwa mbere, shyiramo primer (kugira ngo wongere gufatana), hanyuma ushyiremo latex kugira ngo ukore agakoresho k'uturindantoki, igice cy'igikorwa kigomba kwinjizwa inshuro nyinshi kugira ngo wongere ubunini, hanyuma wumishe nyuma ya buri kwinjizwa (ubushyuhe ≤80℃, kugira ngo wirinde ko halogenation itangira).
Uburyo bwo gukurura imvubura:
Ubushyuhe busanzwe bwa nitrile gants vulcanization ni hagati ya 120-150°C, mu gihe inzira ya halogen nke ishobora gusaba ubushyuhe buke n'igihe kirekire (urugero: 100°C × iminota 60) kugira ngo bigabanye kubora kw'inyongera kugira ngo hakorwe ibintu bya halogen mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi.
4. Gukaraba no kumisha
-Gukaraba mu byiciro byinshi:
Nyuma yo gukaraba uturindantoki tugomba kozwa n'amazi yakuwemo iayoni inshuro zirenga 3 kugira ngo dukureho ibisigazwa by'inyongera n'ibinyabutabire bya halogen bishonge, kandi hakenewe gukaraba amazi ya centrifugal nyuma ya buri gukaraba.
Kumisha:
Koresha uburyo bwo kumisha umwuka ushyushye (ubushyuhe ≤ 90 ℃) cyangwa ukoreshe uburyo bwo kumisha umwuka uva mu cyuma kugira ngo ubushuhe bube buri munsi ya 1%, kugira ngo wirinde ko iyoni za halogen zimuka ahantu hashyushye.
5. Gupima no gupakira
-Isuzuma rya halogen:
Gutoranya buri cyiciro mu buryo butunguranye kugira ngo hagenzurwe ingano ya Cl-, Br- (niba hakoreshejwe chromatography ya ion, imipaka iba Cl ≤ 900 ppm, Br ≤ 900 ppm, na halogens zose ≤ 1500 ppm).
-Ikizamini cy'imikorere:
Ingufu zo gukurura (≥14MPa), kurekura igihe cyo gucika (≥600%), kudapfundika (≥10N) n'ibindi bipimo bigomba kuba bihuye n'ibipimo bya ASTM D6319 n'ibindi bipimo.
III. Imbogamizi za tekiniki n'uko inganda zihagaze
1. Kuringaniza ikiguzi n'imikorere myiza
Bitewe n'ibikoresho fatizo bihenze kandi bimara igihe kirekire, ikiguzi cyo gukora ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa halogen nke kiri hejuru ya 20%-30% ugereranyije n'uturindantoki dusanzwe twa nitrile, kandi ubushobozi bwo gukora bugabanukaho hafi 15% (urugero: igihe kirekire cyo koza no kumisha).
2. Ingaruka zo kwangirika k'imikorere
Ubushobozi bwo gushyira mu bikorwa bimwe na bimwe bya halogen nkeya buri hasi ugereranije n’ubw’ibindi bya halogen bisanzwe, bishobora gutuma gants zidashobora gusaza, kandi bigomba kwishyurwa n’ibikoresho bigabanya ubushyuhe (urugero: silica) cyangwa ikoranabuhanga rihuza ibintu bitandukanye.
3. Amabwiriza agenga ibidukikije
Kubuza EU gukoresha ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora guteza akaga mu mabwiriza y’ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi n’iby’ikoranabuhanga (RoHS), Komisiyo Mpuzamahanga ya Tekiniki y’amashanyarazi (IEC) n’andi mahame agenga ikoreshwa ry’ibikoresho bifite halogen nke mu rwego rw’ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo hatezwe imbere uburyo bwo kuvugurura ibikoresho.
4. Kwibanda ku nganda cyane
Kugeza ubu, uturindantoki two ku isi dufite halogen nkeya twakozwe ahanini na Top Glove yo muri Maleziya, Ansell yo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika n'ibindi bigo binini. Ibigo by'ubucuruzi byo mu gihugu nka Lanshan Medical na Ingenics Medical birimo kugenda binyura mu mbogamizi za tekiniki zifite halogen nkeya.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-27-2025